Nationwide, more than 2.8 million children are engaged in economic activities, and more than 1.7 million children are engaged in child labour. Of those child labourers, 60% are boys and 40% are girls.
85% of child labour occurs in rural areas. The agricultural sector comprises 67% of child labourers, followed by manufacturing, construction, and service industries. A bit more than half of the children in child labour do not attend school, and 32% work more than 42 hours a week.
Many working children operate in open air, informal, and hard-to-reach workplaces. They often perform dangerous tasks in toxic environments and extreme temperatures. 1.31 million working children are at risk of engaging in hazardous work.
Viet Nam ratifies the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons and the country commits to taking measures against transnational organized crime. The Labour Code 2012 includes a chapter on minor workers that specifies the minimum working age and the types of jobs permitted.
The country passes the Law on Occupational Safety and Health, which aims to protect workers, including adolescents and children, from health and safety risks in the workplace. The Penal Code 2015 defines hazardous, heavy, or toxic work and stipulates legal sanctions for employers who violate the law.
Viet Nam passes the Law on Children, the first law to stipulate legislation on children’s rights. The country implements National Programmer 1023, which aims to raise awareness about the risks of child labour in all sectors—especially the informal sector—and societal levels. It provides direct interventions for vulnerable children and capacity building for authorities
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“To address the problem of child labour, especially to protect children from heavy, dangerous, and hazardous work, the active participation and collaboration of all stakeholders in society is needed,including state agencies, businesses, trade unions, social organizations, families, and communities.”